As digital asset ownership surpasses $4 trillion globally, asset management increasingly dictates how portfolios are built and how financial systems operate.

Crypto is increasingly being viewed as a structural component of wealth management, with more investors treating digital assets as long-term holdings meant to diversify a portfolio rather than trade around it.

As that shift plays out, the tools built around crypto are starting to resemble the ones that have governed traditional wealth for decades. Custody models are maturing. Portfolio structures are becoming more sophisticated. Investors are paying closer attention to who actually controls their assets.

Control is the key variable. The collapse of FTX made clear what happens when clients lose access to their private keys, and showcased the risks tied to pooled platforms, including liquidity loss, market volatility, and rug pulls. This has pushed investors to look for structures that offer real ownership rather than custodial exposure.

Separately managed accounts, known as SMAs, are one of the potential solutions to this problem. SMAs are structured to provide clients with beneficial ownership and segregated exposure to specific assets, subject to applicable custody arrangements. They allow for high levels of customization, tax-loss harvesting, and the ability to title holdings to the client or a trust. They also separate control from access, meaning the client retains ownership while the manager operates within predefined permissions.

A solution investors are asking for

Investors want more privacy, more security, and more agency over how their assets are held. Sixteen percent of crypto owners reported access problems in 2025, a number that helps explain why the conversation around custody has intensified.

Exchange custody leaves the platform responsible for security and execution. Self-custody keeps the investor fully in control through personal wallets. SMAs sit between those two models. They offer tailored investment strategies while preserving direct ownership in an account titled to the client.

SMAs are not just a portfolio management tool. They can provide structural features intended to enhance asset segregation and oversight, aligning crypto investing with TradFi standards around custody, transparency, and asset protection. Most platforms still do not offer them, which is part of why the category is beginning to stand out. SMAs address one of the ecosystem’s most persistent weaknesses: the tradeoff between usability and true asset ownership. While SMAs are designed to address certain custody and control considerations, they remain subject to risks, including market volatility, liquidity constraints, counterparty exposure, and operational risks associated with digital asset infrastructure.

The case for crypto SMAs

SMAs are already commonly used structures in traditional finance and corporate custody. They are now making their way into crypto for the same reasons they became the default in legacy finance. As more RWAs move onchain covering assets from securities to real estate, crypto SMAs are no longer just a place to custody crypto; they may become an important infrastructure layer for RWAs.

While exchange-based custody offers convenience and liquidity, it may involve different risk considerations compared to segregated account structures such as SMAs. That exposes them to counterparty risk, commingled balances, and structural failures seen across prior cycles. SMAs are designed to address these risks by ensuring assets are held in the client’s name, segregated from other holdings, and not accessible for misuse.

The structure also unlocks institutional participation. RIAs, family offices, and hedge funds, the core client base Abra serves, require segregated custody, verifiable ownership, and professional oversight before they can allocate meaningfully to digital assets. SMAs typically carry a management fee. Clients receive direct exposure to the underlying asset alongside the ability to layer on yield strategies that can offset those fees over time. The cost structure often compares favorably to ETFs once fees and net asset value differences are factored in, since ETF wrappers carry layered costs that reduce effective exposure to the underlying asset.

Trust remains a gating issue. Ten percent of crypto owners in 2025 identified difficulty trusting exchanges as their greatest concern. SMAs improve transparency by letting clients independently verify holdings rather than depending on platform reporting. That makes the asset class easier to integrate into existing portfolios and positions the structure as a direct answer to an industry need.

The industry need

SMAs bring together the three things that matter most for institutional adoption at scale: security, control, and professional management.

The relevance of that combination was underscored by the roughly $270 million exploit on Drift, which showed how quickly pooled platforms can break and how broadly user funds can be exposed when they do. Withdrawals freeze, balances become uncertain, and the structural weaknesses of shared custody become visible in real time. SMAs are designed to mitigate that risk by keeping client assets separate and directly titled.

One company operating in this space is Abra, which offers clients direct access to digital assets through a full-service SMA platform. Its offering includes model portfolios, qualified custody, digital asset trading, yield strategies, and collateralized borrowing, built around the kind of institutional guardrails that professional investors expect. One Abra dollar-yield strategy, USDAF, bridges client USD/USDC into delta-neutral DeFi yield strategies seeking to generate additional yield, which is not guaranteed and subject to market and protocol risks.

SMAs are a step toward a more secure, scalable, and institutionally credible crypto ecosystem. They rebuild trust in how assets are held and controlled, which is where the next phase of adoption is most likely to be won or lost. Platforms like Abra that offer SMA infrastructure are positioning themselves as long-term financial providers rather than trading venues, and that distinction will matter more as capital keeps flowing in.

Disclaimer

Abra Capital Management, LP (“ACM”) is an SEC-registered investment adviser. Investments in digital assets involve a high degree of risk, including the risk of loss. Digital assets are not bank deposits and are not insured by the FDIC, NCUA, or any other government agency. Net interest depends on variable borrow rates, collateral yield, swap costs, and safety buffers.
This document is not a recommendation for any security or investment. No offer or sale of any securities, digital assets, or other investment instrument(s) will occur without the delivery of offering and other definitive documentation, and nothing herein shall otherwise constitute an offer to sell or constitute a solicitation of an offer (or recommendation) to buy, sell or hold any security, digital asset or other financial instrument, make any investment, or adopt any investment strategy, or constitute investment, legal, tax, accounting, regulatory or financial advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results or a guarantee of future returns.

Certain information contained herein constitutes “forward-looking statements” that are inherently unreliable and actual events or results may differ materially from those reflected or contemplated herein. ACM does not make any assurance as to the accuracy of those predictions or forward-looking statements. ACM expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any such forward-looking statements. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of ACM as of the date hereof and are subject to change based on prevailing market and economic conditions and will not be updated or supplemented.

Certain information contained herein has been obtained from third-party sources. Although ACM believes the information from such sources to be reliable, ACM makes no representation as to its accuracy or completeness.